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2026-10-3097 posts

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Japanese Component Giant Murata Announces ¥1 Trillion Investment to Expand MLCC Capacity for AI Data Centers

Material
2026-10-31 02:00 GMT+8

Japanese electronic component manufacturer Murata Manufacturing announced on October 30, 2026, during its second-quarter earnings briefing, that it plans to invest approximately ¥1 trillion in its multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) business between fiscal years 2026 and 2030 to meet growing demand from AI data centers and other sectors. President Norio Nakajima described this as the biggest opportunity since the company's founding.

Under the new plan, Murata will increase its annual MLCC production capacity growth rate to approximately 20% for fiscal years 2027 and 2028, up from the previously planned 10%, aiming to raise total capacity by about 60% by fiscal year 2030. Of the ¥1 trillion investment, roughly ¥350 billion is allocated for building construction and ¥650 billion for production equipment. Murata currently holds about 40% of the global MLCC market share.

The expansion primarily targets high-capacity, miniaturized, and high-voltage MLCCs used in AI servers and optical communications. Nakajima noted that while AI data center demand might plateau around 2030, subsequent adoption in humanoid robots, autonomous vehicles, and drones will continue to drive market growth, making the long-term risk of such large-scale investment manageable.

Concurrently released financial results showed Murata's sales for April–September 2026 reached ¥1.0907 trillion, up 20.8% year-on-year, with net profit rising 40.6% to ¥186.1 billion. The company raised its full-year guidance for fiscal 2027 (ending March 2027) to ¥2.26 trillion in sales and ¥396 billion in net profit.

Sources:EE Times Japan

Research

Deadly Explosion Halts Intel's Fab 28 for Two Weeks, Costing $600 Million and Disrupting Server Chip Supply

Material
2026-10-30 17:30 GMT+8

A deadly explosion at Intel's Fab 28 near Kiryat Gat, Israel, occurred earlier this month, killing two workers and seriously injuring another. The incident forced a complete two-week shutdown of the facility. Intel CFO David Zinsner stated during an earnings call that production is expected to restart by the end of this week, but the disruption will cost the company approximately $600 million in lost revenue across the fourth quarter of 2026 and the first quarter of 2027.

Fab 28 is a key manufacturing site for chips produced using Intel's 10nm-class process technologies, including Intel 7 (formerly 10nm Enhanced SuperFin). While Intel's latest Xeon 6 processors use compute dies fabricated on Intel 3, their I/O dies are still manufactured on Intel 7. Additionally, previous-generation Xeon 5 Emerald Rapids and Xeon 4 Sapphire Rapids CPUs continue to be sold and are made on Intel 7 technology. Zinsner noted that the disruption primarily affects 10nm-class server products and is expected to reduce Q4 non-GAAP gross margins by approximately 2%.

Although Intel has other fabs capable of 10nm production, such as Fab 12, Fab 22, Fab 32, and Fab 42 in Arizona, the company cannot fully offset the output loss from Fab 28 due to strong existing demand for server processors. Transferring production between facilities involves high costs and time, and some product lines may lack specific manufacturing qualifications at other sites. Beyond lost production time, Intel faces potential write-offs for wafers undergoing fabrication during the accident, with most impacts concentrated in Q4 2026.

Sources:Tom's Hardware

Research

Thai Duong, Founder of Calif: AI That Can Code Is Inherently a Hacker; This Is Not a Bug to Be Fixed

Material
2026-10-30 16:00 GMT+8

In a podcast interview in late October 2026, Thai Duong, founder of cybersecurity firm Calif, put forward a judgment that sounds simple but carries profound consequences: if you train an AI to be good at writing code, you simultaneously train it to be good at hacking. This is not a bug that can be fixed; it is a structural property of the capability.

Duong’s reasoning chain is as follows. AI companies make money by selling tokens, and the current largest use of tokens is programming. A truly proficient programming AI must understand code, understand technical systems, be able to debug, and control computers—and Duong argues that this is precisely the definition of hacking. You cannot allow an AI to reach commercial levels of proficiency in programming while keeping it blind to system vulnerabilities.

This judgment is supported by concrete operational evidence. Duong worked at Google for twelve years, responsible for security testing before products like Chrome were released. He and the entire industry assumed that Chrome’s security investments had yielded results—not only eliminating vulnerabilities but also implementing mitigations that made them difficult to exploit. However, when they directed AI at Chrome, they discovered approximately one thousand vulnerabilities, ten times the expected amount. Duong said this surprised him greatly: either security engineers were underperforming, or the volume of code was so vast that manual auditing could never cover it all.

In contrast, the process of discovering PHP vulnerabilities illustrated the differing roles of AI across stages. Calif secured funding and tokens through OpenAI’s Patch the Planet program. Engineer Ryan Osteen found the first vulnerability just one or two days after launching the effort on July 30. But what made the situation urgent was not the discovery itself—the PHP Foundation had identified the same vulnerability back in 2024—but rather the exploitation. The foundation had chosen not to fix it because the repair cost was too high and there was no publicly available exploit method at the time. AI’s key contribution lay in developing the exploit code: engineers provided the AI with design directions for how to leverage the flaw, and within a day, the AI produced a working exploit, proving that remote attackers could compromise websites without any specialized knowledge.

Duong also described a collapsing time window. In the past, it typically took weeks or even months for attackers to develop usable exploits after a patch was released, giving users ample time to upgrade. Now, the moment an open-source project’s fix is published on GitHub, the information is already exposed. Attackers can monitor repositories and use AI to convert patches into exploits within hours. Duong calls this a 'minus-one-day vulnerability': by the time the patch reaches users, the exploit is already ready.

Regarding changes in attack speed, Duong supplemented this with a case involving a banking client. After the Calif team entered a client’s network, it usually took about a month to horizontally penetrate the entire system. An attacker’s AI, however, entered the network on Monday and was everywhere by Tuesday. Duong described this as cancer spreading at machine speed; existing detection systems cannot keep up—you detect the intrusion, but there are already a hundred attack points in the system, and shutting down operations is not an option for a bank.

Sources:omny.fm

Research

Canadian AI Unicorn Cohere Completes First Close of Series E, Targeting Record CAD 7 Billion Raise and Announcing M&A Plans

Material
2026-10-30 17:30 GMT+8

Canadian large language model unicorn Cohere announced on October 29 that it has completed the first close of its Series E funding round. The round targets a maximum raise of CAD 7 billion (approximately RMB 33.4 billion). Cohere stated on its official X account that if the full fundraising target is reached, this transaction will become the largest single private funding round in Canadian startup history.

The round is led by German retail giant Schwarz Group, with continued participation from existing investors including Nvidia and Prosperity7 Ventures (a subsidiary of Saudi Aramco), as well as new investor the Government of Canada. Disclosed figures indicate that Cohere's valuation was approximately CAD 9.8 billion in September last year. If the current raise reaches its target, the company's valuation is expected to hit CAD 35.7 billion, representing a 3.6-fold increase within one year.

Beyond capital injection, Cohere unveiled strategic moves aimed at expanding its business boundaries. The company plans to advance two AI company acquisitions within a year: signing a letter of intent to acquire US-based AI cybersecurity startup AISLE to launch Cohere Cyber, an enterprise security product for automated vulnerability discovery and repair; and signing a merger agreement with German AI company Aleph Alpha to integrate model development capabilities and access European government and enterprise clients. Both transactions are currently pending completion.

Additionally, according to an agreement published by the Office of the Prime Minister of Canada on October 29, the Canadian government intends to invest up to CAD 1.6 billion (approximately RMB 7.6 billion) in Cohere in phases. As conditions for this investment, Cohere has committed to creating at least 1,000 technical jobs in Canada by 2030, investing at least CAD 1.7 billion in local computing infrastructure, and retaining its headquarters and registration in Canada.

Founded in 2019, Cohere provides privately deployable large models, AI agents, and search tools primarily for enterprises and governments. The company disclosed that its Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR) grew 165% year-over-year as of the end of Q3 this year, with global customer count increasing 20-fold over the past year to reach 300 companies. These financing and acquisition plans signal Cohere's transition from a pure model provider to a comprehensive enterprise AI solution vendor covering cybersecurity, European markets, and domestic infrastructure.

Sources:zhidx.com

Research

Liu Xin, Founder of Boya Intelligence: Dexterity Hands Sold 20,000 Units, Mostly Gathering Dust; Model Capabilities May Reach an Inflection Point Before Hardware

Material
2026-10-30 15:13 GMT+8

The publicly verifiable shipment volume of dexterity hands in the industry last year was approximately 20,000 units. However, Liu Xin, founder of Boya Intelligence (China), observed that most of these dexterity hands end up performing with humanoid robots for a few shows and then being left gathering dust in corners. In his view, current products are polarized: low-degree-of-freedom dexterity hands are cheap and durable, costing only a few thousand yuan, but their operational capabilities are very limited, primarily used for humanoid robot performances; high-degree-of-freedom products offer better operational capabilities, with mainstream prices exceeding 100,000 yuan, but their lifespan may be only one or two weeks, or at most one or two months. They are often purchased and kept as ornaments because users dare not use them, breaking down after just one week to two or three months of use.

Liu Xin believes the industry needs to create a 'third market': bringing scientific-grade operational capabilities into practical applications at an acceptable cost to solve problems that past automation equipment could not handle. He cited a specific example—some small factories near Shenzhen need to inspect parts under high-magnification electron microscopes after production, flipping each side of every part. Traditional grippers certainly cannot perform such tasks. Yet such products do not exist today; the most advanced and high-end dexterity hands on the market still fall far short of human hand capabilities.

The technical premise supporting this judgment is the core contradiction in dexterity hand design: it must pack mechanical structures, motors, circuits, and sensors into extremely limited space while ensuring sufficient force and power density. The thinner the fingers, the more easily structural strength and load-bearing capacity are constrained; joint connection points may bear forces of only a few hundred grams to about one kilogram, leading to fractures after continuous use for a week. To make the hand small, gear modules must be small, making teeth smaller and requiring higher machining precision. At today's material and process levels, wear, deformation, or even fracture occur easily. A human thumb can exert ten kilograms of force, whereas mainstream nominal force ratings for dexterity hand thumbs are currently one kilogram, with higher-end models reaching two kilograms. However, there is a discrepancy between nominal force and actual applied force.

From this, Liu Xin proposed a timeline judgment different from the industry mainstream: models may reach an inflection point in capability before hardware does. He believes that given the current iteration speed of AI and models, an inflection point in capability may arrive sooner. At that time, people will realize that models are already highly capable, but there is no sufficiently reliable hardware to support those capabilities. He mentioned a recent event attracting attention in the industry: GPT-6 can now operate dexterity hands. This indicates that common sense and cognitive abilities accumulated during the pre-training phase of large models are extending into the physical world. Ultimately, what holds things back may be the body, not the mind.

Sources:leiphone.com

Research

Edge AI's Place for Telecom Operators Is Not at Cell Towers, but in Metro Aggregation Facilities

Material
2026-10-30 17:00 GMT+8

The telecommunications industry has long been jokingly referred to as the 'plumbers' of digital infrastructure—providing connectivity for cloud computing and AI, yet struggling to occupy a higher position in the value chain. As generative AI and agentic AI enter daily use, edge AI inference is seen as a new opportunity that could change this positioning. But 'the edge' is not a single location; it is an infrastructure gradient ranging from hyperscale data centers to mobile device terminals, with vast differences in economic feasibility across different tiers.

David Duggal, CEO of EnterpriseWeb, calls this distinction a confusion between 'telco edge' and 'customer edge.' The former refers to wireless base station towers, access points, and network-adjacent facilities; the latter may be located on enterprise campuses, factories, or warehouses. This distinction is crucial because deploying high-performance AI inference directly at a cell tower is far more difficult than doing so in metro-level facilities. Duggal points out: GPUs require significant power, more power means more heat, and more heat means more supporting infrastructure—a Catch-22.

In contrast, the metro edge—including central offices, regional aggregation hubs, and other facilities operated by large telecom operators or neutral hosts—can support hundreds of nodes, aggregate data flows from the cloud and the far edge, and provide a more practical environment for high-density GPU deployments. US telecom operators also hold a less discussed asset: real estate. Central offices, network huts, and legacy switching facilities may not look like the future of AI infrastructure, but many can become useful sites for edge inference, particularly in a context where community resistance makes the development of large new greenfield data centers increasingly difficult.

Jon Alexander, Senior Vice President of Products at Akamai's Cloud Technology Group, supplements this judgment from a workload perspective. He believes physical AI (factory and robotics scenarios) is one of today's most latency-sensitive use cases. 'You can't wait 10 seconds to send data all the way around to the other side of the world and back; everything in the factory would grind to a halt,' he says. However, for broader commercial AI workloads that do not require instant on-device intervention, metro-level edge infrastructure may offer the best balance of performance and cost. His specific criterion is: if GPU-enabled metro nodes can achieve response times of 5 to 10 milliseconds, 'that is great for pretty much every compute experience that exists today, meaning good utilization and good economics.'

Luis Fernandes, Senior Research Manager for Cloud and Data Centers at IDC, offers a reminder regarding the popular narrative of 'latency-driven edge deployment.' Research from IDC's 'Edge Observatory for the Digital Decade' project, conducted in collaboration with the European Commission, found that while latency is indeed an issue in very specific cases and regions, in most instances it is not the primary driver for edge deployment. 'Workload type is a determining factor,' Fernandes says. Real-time workloads require instant responses shaped by local context and timing; analytical workloads often do not, and data can be staged or preprocessed at the edge before being sent back to the center.

Sources:DataCenterKnowledge

Research

Salesforce Signs Deal to Acquire Rune Technologies, a Deployed Defense Logistics AI Startup

Material
2026-10-30 04:00 GMT+8

US enterprise software giant Salesforce announced on October 29, 2026, that it has signed a definitive agreement to acquire Rune Technologies, a defense AI startup. Kendall Collins, President and CEO of Salesforce Missionforce and Government Cloud, described this as the company's "most significant national security-focused acquisition." This deal is the third in a series of October acquisitions by Salesforce, following deals for analytics platform Loops and customer engagement platform Braze.

Rune Technologies was founded in 2024 by David Tuttle and Peter Goldsborough, both former leaders in command-and-control at defense tech firm Anduril. The company's core product, TyrOS, is a super intelligence (SI) platform for tactical edge logistics designed to operate in Denied, Degraded, Intermittent, or Limited (DDIL) connectivity environments. Already deployed with the US Army and US Marine Corps, the platform connects enterprise system data with real-time operational data, enabling frontline units to forecast supply needs, optimize resources, and suggest transport routes even when disconnected, syncing automatically once connectivity returns.

Salesforce will integrate Rune into its Missionforce portfolio, aiming to complete a three-layer architecture spanning headquarters, strategic planning, and the operational edge. Missionforce currently serves as the system of record for the first two layers across the US military and allied forces. By acquiring Rune, Salesforce seeks to bridge the gap between frontline decisions and enterprise records. This move aligns with the US Department of Defense's shift since March 2025 toward prioritizing commercial software pathways, and builds on Salesforce's existing 10-year, $5.6 billion ceiling contract with the US Army.

While Salesforce did not disclose the acquisition price, the deal reflects a broader defensive strategy by traditional SaaS companies facing competition from AI-native solutions. According to Reuters, Salesforce acquired AI agent platform Fin for $3.6 billion earlier this year and Informatica for $8 billion last year. Investors have expressed concern that rapid AI adoption could erode demand for legacy software, prompting Salesforce to aggressively acquire specific AI capabilities to maintain its market position.

Sources:Salesforce

Research

Korean Document AI Firm KDL and IBK Industrial Bank Complete VLM Agent PoC: Voice Phishing Relief Processing Time Cut by 88%

Quick take
2026-10-30 12:54 GMT+8

Korean document AI startup KDL (한국딥러닝) and IBK Industrial Bank have completed a proof-of-concept (PoC) for an AI agent designed to automate voice phishing victim relief processes. According to Platum, the test conducted between April and August 2026 resulted in an 88% reduction in document processing time.

In traditional workflows, bank employees manually reviewed faxed documents such as relief applications and ID copies, then entered data into systems. This delay hindered rapid responses like payment freezes before funds could be transferred out. KDL's 'DEEP Agent for Finance,' built on a Vision-Language Model (VLM), goes beyond simple OCR by understanding document context to classify files, extract information, and infer crime types.

Data provided by KDL indicates the system achieved 100% accuracy on printed text and over 97% on handwritten text, successfully handling low-quality IDs and mixed handwriting that previous AI-OCR systems struggled with. Compared to existing AI-OCR, accuracy improved by up to 20.4 percentage points. The system uses a confidence scoring mechanism: high-confidence results are processed automatically, while low-confidence items are routed to human reviewers for final judgment.

The project won an excellence award in the PoC category of the '2026 Public Institution AI Innovation Challenge' hosted by South Korea's Ministry of Economy and Finance and Ministry of Science and ICT. IBK Industrial Bank plans to deploy the system in actual operations by the first half of 2027. KDL intends to expand this solution to other financial and public institutions.

Sources:스타트업 생태계의 모든 것 \'플래텀(Platum)\'

Research

Chi Mei Hospital President Lin Hung-jung: Before AI Agents Enter Hospitals, a Secure Sandbox Environment Must Be Built

Quick take
2026-10-30 15:51 GMT+8

Lin Hung-jung divides Chi Mei Hospital's AI development into four steps: starting with data warehousing and business intelligence tools in 2005; establishing an AI Center in 2019 to extend biostatistical capabilities to machine learning; entering the generative AI assistant stage in 2023; and targeting Agentic AI starting in 2025. The logic driving each step is not technological availability, but whether the organization has already met the conditions for safely using the next layer of capability.

During the disease prediction phase, Chi Mei deliberately avoided medical imaging AI. Lin Hung-jung explained that imaging models require significant computing resources and manual annotation labor, whereas Chi Mei has accumulated years of clinical data and biostatistical experience. Focusing on disease risk prediction based on these existing capabilities is more pragmatic. This choice later yielded 32 online predictive models covering 13 departments, allowing physicians to view patient-related risks directly on the Hospital Information System (HIS) page.

Upon entering the generative AI stage, Chi Mei started with documentation tasks such as nursing records, converting vital signs and catheter logs into drafts, and then expanded to other professions like physicians and pharmacists. This collaborative mechanism operates independently of the existing HIS, avoiding the need to modify original programs and thus preventing version-change risks and cascading system crashes.

The A+ Medication Safety Specialist is currently the most notable achievement. Lin Hung-jung cited an example where a pharmacist might be responsible for the medication safety of over a hundred patients in an entire ward. Previously, rule-based systems filtered patients according to preset conditions, but medical knowledge updates with literature and clinical guidelines, causing existing rules to become outdated. The new system allows AI to first analyze medical records and medication data, screening out 10 patients out of 100 who may have medication issues and compiling their histories for pharmacists to prioritize checking. Lin stated this system saves pharmacists approximately 150 minutes per day and won the National Healthcare Quality Award (NHQA). To reduce hallucination risks, Chi Mei combines AI with the Medi-Span pharmaceutical database, using RAG to introduce continuously updated pharmaceutical knowledge. Medi-Span first screens for drug interactions, contraindications, and dosage issues, which are then processed by AI before final professional judgment by the pharmacist.

However, Lin Hung-jung explicitly stated that Chi Mei has not yet officially launched AI agents because the hospital has not established a sufficiently robust secure execution environment. He uses the 'lobster tank' metaphor: you cannot let lobsters run wild, cause damage, or escape. For a hospital, if AI agents are to read medical records, operate systems, or execute tasks, it must first ensure they only operate within permitted scopes. Building such an environment presupposes effective data governance—Lin points out that this is a technical capability lacking in many hospital IT departments.

Sources:iThome

Research

Goldman Sachs Derivatives Expert Lee Coppersmith Discusses Shift in AI Stock Options Sentiment

Quick take
2026-10-30 12:00 GMT+8

Lee Coppersmith, from the Equity Derivative Sales team at Goldman Sachs FICC and Equities, analyzes current options trading dynamics in artificial intelligence (AI) stocks on an episode of The Markets podcast. According to the publisher's episode description, Coppersmith notes that options markets are showing signs of increased nervousness about AI as investors closely monitor large tech company earnings and attempt to separate likely winners from losers.

He explains that while overall demand for AI stocks remains strong and the S&P has remained resilient, put option buying has picked up in recent weeks, whereas activity in call options—which would reward a jump in equities—has waned. This observation offers readers a specific entry point into understanding AI investment sentiment through derivative market positioning.

The episode was recorded on October 29, 2026. This recommendation is based on publisher metadata and episode descriptions, without including the full transcript or specific argumentative details. Views expressed represent the guest's personal stance and do not constitute investment advice.

Sources:youtube.com

Research

US chip giant Intel's stock plunges 22% as high memory prices suppress PC demand, missing Q4 guidance

Material
2026-10-30 15:30 GMT+8

U.S. semiconductor manufacturer Intel released its financial forecast for the current fourth quarter, indicating revenue between $15 billion and $16 billion, falling short of analysts' expectations of $17 billion. The company also projected adjusted earnings per share (EPS) of 25 cents, significantly below the market consensus of 43 cents. This guidance miss caused Intel's stock to plummet approximately 22% in after-hours U.S. trading.

Intel CFO David Zinsner stated that the company has observed a slowdown in business for weeks due to declining computer sales driven by soaring memory prices. He warned that this situation would not improve at least until the first half of 2027. CEO Lip-Bu Tan noted that the entire market is affected, with memory prices remaining a severe problem throughout next year. Intel expects the PC market to shrink by another 10% in 2027, following a 12% decline this year.

Although the AI boom has increased demand for data center memory, thereby driving up memory prices, this has simultaneously suppressed consumer PC sales. Additionally, Intel faces supply chain issues for data center chips, including shortages of certain raw materials and the temporary closure of a factory in Israel. While Intel's processors also benefit from AI demand, the company has been unable to fully meet market needs.

In the previous quarter, Intel's revenue rose 21% year-over-year to $16.5 billion, meeting analyst expectations, but net profit fell 18% year-over-year to $3.3 billion. Previously, investors were optimistic about Intel profiting from the data center business through new manufacturing processes and its emerging role as a foundry for other chipmakers. This year, Intel invested approximately $20 billion in factories and equipment, with Zinsner suggesting spending would increase further next year.

Sources:t3n.de

Research

Waymo Partners with Toyota to Test Autonomous bZ4X in Japan and Expand to UK

Material
2026-10-30 15:01 GMT+8

Alphabet's self-driving subsidiary Waymo announced on Friday a broader partnership with Japanese automaker Toyota. Under the agreement, Toyota will manufacture the 2027 electric SUV bZ4X and integrate Waymo's self-driving system at its Takaoka factory in Japan. These autonomous vehicles will initially undergo testing in Japan, with plans to deploy them in other right-hand drive countries, including the United Kingdom.

This move signifies a concrete step in Waymo's international expansion strategy. Previously, Waymo relied heavily on the Jaguar I-Pace for its US operations and London tests. Shifting to the Toyota bZ4X indicates Waymo is leveraging the manufacturing capacity of a major traditional automaker to address supply chain scalability. Hiroki Nakajima, Executive Vice President of Toyota, stated that the collaboration aims to bring the technology to customers in Japan and beyond via Waymo's ride-hailing service, while Toyota continues to explore integrating vehicles with traffic infrastructure for improved safety.

It is worth noting that this is not the first interaction between the two companies. Eighteen months ago, Toyota and Waymo signed a preliminary agreement characterized by vague language, widely interpreted as a 'wait and see' arrangement. The current announcement specifies the model, production location, and timeline, demonstrating that the partnership has moved from intent to substantive supply chain integration. While both parties indicated they will continue exploring ways to bring Waymo's technology to personally owned Toyota vehicles, the immediate focus remains on securing a stable hardware source for Waymo's robotaxi fleet.

Sources:TechCrunch

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Engineer Bruce Dang demonstrated another way AI has changed hacking work. He co-authored a textbook on reverse engineering with friends, spending a long time completing it. But nine months ago, the content of that book was already obsolete—today, it takes only one or two prompts for AI to generate similar content, often better. Dang also mentioned a friend who spent five dollars using an open-source model to reverse-engineer printer firmware and successfully hack it, whereas such a task previously required months of work.

Looking to the future, Duong used an analogy from chess history. After IBM’s Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997, because Deep Blue was a mainframe computer that ordinary PCs could not run, the strongest chess players over the next decade were 'centaur players'—human-computer combinations. After AlphaGo defeated Lee Sedol in 2016, pure software surpassed all human-machine combinations in just three years. Duong believes cybersecurity is currently in the 'centaur hacker' era: the strongest hackers are combinations of AI and human experts, but this window may last only three months to three years. He is uncertain about this prediction but advises preparing for the shorter timeframe.

The boundaries of this argument lie in its description of structural constraints under current AI capabilities, rather than eternal truths. Duong himself acknowledges that if AI companies abandon programming business to focus on scientific discovery or physical AI, it would theoretically be possible to train models that are not proficient at hacking. But this would mean abandoning their largest revenue source. Formal verification can theoretically prove software security, but Dang points out it is currently applicable only to small components, not to systems with billions of lines of code like browsers. Duong adds a more fundamental constraint: software dominates the world precisely because it can be modified at any time; requiring software to stop changing frequently would amount to asking tech companies to abandon their core competitive advantage.

On defense prospects, Dang expressed conditional optimism: perhaps AI will eventually help build more secure systems, though he admits he may be overly optimistic. Duong is more direct: in the current phase, AI helps attackers more than defenders, and defenders need time to catch up. They do not believe there is a simple solution like 'fixing the sandbox makes it safe,' nor do they think it is possible to train a model that codes but does not hack. The path forward for defense lies in redesigning system architecture, rather than patching existing structures.

Regarding technical routes, Liu Xin believes that current leading direct-drive dexterity hands have approached physical limits, making significant improvements difficult over the next one to two years, or even two to three years. Meanwhile, cable-driven technical architectures still have substantial room for performance improvement. His analogy is biological evolution: when humans pinch lightly, fine control is mainly achieved by small muscles like the lumbricals and intrinsic hand muscles; when lifting heavy objects with force, the real power comes from arm muscles. Biology typically separates strength and dexterity to balance both: structures closer to the extremities are finer, favoring fine control, while muscles closer to the root are thicker, suitable for providing power. Boya's first dexterity hand, Gaoshan S1, has 22 degrees of freedom and adopts a hybrid drive system primarily based on cables, supplemented by gear direct drive and lead screw linkages. Liu Xin stated they are the world's first company to combine cable drive with lead screws and a wrist configuration in a dexterity hand.

It should be noted that the above judgments all come from self-statements by Liu Xin, founder of Boya Intelligence (China). The figure of 20,000 shipped units is public data he cited; the observation that 'they gather dust after performing' is his personal assessment; the claim of being the 'world's first' is a company self-statement unverified by independent third parties; and judgments such as cable drives overtaking later or direct drives approaching physical limits currently lack comparable public test data. Liu Xin also admitted that reliability is not yet the most critical issue for the industry at this stage; at least durability of three to six months must be strived for. The current industry mainstream warranty period may be six months, with very few daring to promise more than one year. Often, this six-month warranty is supported by setting aside a large reserve fund in advance.

The practical consequence of this finding is: for enterprise buyers and operators, the key question is not 'how low can latency go,' but 'which workloads truly benefit from being placed close to the point of action.' For telecom operators, this means that metro-level aggregation facilities—not every cell tower—are the actionable near-term landing spot for edge AI.

Mike Peterson, Head of the Data Center Program at the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), describes another layer of constraints from a standards-setting perspective: 'From our perspective, an edge data center is a fully contained data center that could be created in a factory and then dropped in at a location as an adjunct to an existing facility.' This standardization is important because AI infrastructure is changing physical design assumptions—high-density GPU clusters place extraordinary demands on cabling, interconnect design, power distribution, and cooling. Peterson says, 'When you look at some of the newer AI data center designs, such as how much cabling goes into an Nvidia pod, it is eye-opening.'

However, Fernandes also warns against excessive optimism. 'Qualified resources are currently in severe shortage, budgets are being allocated to flashier projects, and AI-RAN remains a side project for only a few.' He acknowledges that AI-RAN has near-term value for telecom operators—improving network performance, reducing costs, and driving operational efficiency—but this is not equivalent to monetizing third-party edge inference. Whether telecom operators can upgrade from 'plumbers' to 'AI brokers' or 'AI-as-a-Service' providers remains an open question.

For investors and operators, the actionable criteria provided here are: distinguish the economic feasibility of metro edge versus far edge. Metro facilities already possess the conditions of power, fiber, and space, making them the practical landing spot for near-term GPU inference deployment; AI inference on cell towers faces a structural Catch-22 of power consumption and heat dissipation, making scaling difficult in the short term. This distinction does not mean the business model for edge AI is mature, but it turns 'where to deploy' from a vague direction into a choice supported by specific technical constraints.

Another unresolved challenge is how AI agents will integrate with existing Robotic Process Automation (RPA). Chi Mei has used RPA to handle many repetitive tasks, but RPA executes predefined rules and steps. Theoretically, AI agents could understand tasks and plan steps, which RPA would then execute as fixed operations, forming agentic automation. Lin emphasizes that the specific integration method between the two remains an area of exploration.

Facing rapidly changing AI technology, Lin Hung-jung's strategy is not to chase the cutting edge, but to stay 'two steps behind the technological frontier,' maintaining caution while continuing to follow developments. This positioning means Chi Mei is willing to leave a buffer between capability verification and organizational readiness, rather than using technological availability as the sole criterion for deployment.